Journal of International Management Research and Applications

MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGICAL UNEMPLOYMENT ANXIETY: A DIMENSIONAL STUDY

Mustafa Çağrı Pehlivanoğlu, Mustafa Emre Civelek — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The main purpose of this study is to understand the extent to which technological unemployment anxiety of employees affect the businesses in managerial context. For this reason, an inference has been done by compiling the results of the studies that relates the technological unemployment anxiety with various concepts such as job satisfaction, organizational identification, and employee burnout, at different times in diverse samples. The concept of technological unemployment anxiety is having an increasing impact on the human workforce in the modern era. The dimensions of the concept and various management scales were investigated in this study. As the results were obtained using an original scale developed by the research authors, the study makes a significant contribution to the literature on the concept of technological unemployment anxiety. The research data was gathered from Turkish employees.

INNOVATION AS A MEDIATOR IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INWARD AND OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL PROPOSAL

Muhammed Fatih Yücel, Murat Çemberci — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dunning, widely regarded as the father of international business, proposed the Investment Development Path, which posits that the growth of inward foreign direct investment fosters an increase in outward foreign direct investment relative to per capita gross domestic product. Due to its international prevalence, the investment promotion path causes the investment agencies of countries to prioritise and encourage inward foreign direct investment. Considering the motivations of foreign direct investment, such as market-seeking, efficiency-seeking, strategic asset-seeking and natural resource-seeking, it has been observed that companies prioritise enriching the home country by enriching their companies rather than enriching the host country. Foreign direct investments are strategic instruments that add value to both the company owners and the host country. For this reason, it is stated that inward foreign direct investment is valuable as long as it contributes to the innovation of the country in which it invests, rather than being an investment that consumes the host country's market, human resources, strategic assets or natural resources. The most valuable contribution of innovation is envisaged as increasing outward foreign direct investment as in developed countries. It is planned to explain the relationship between inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment through innovation instead of gross domestic product per capita, which is not a cause but an effect. Our study is analysed with secondary data from 61 countries in 6 continents Inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment datasets are obtained from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and innovation data are obtained from World Intellectual Property Organization. The study suggests that policy makers in countries aiming for sustainable development can maximise the benefits of inward foreign direct investment by improving innovation.

THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRY 4.0 ON EMPLOYMENT: A STUDY IN THE BANKING SECTOR

Mehmet Onbaşıoğlu, İbrahim Sani Mert — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the impact of Industry 4.0-based technological developments on the employment figures of Garanti Bank, Yapı ve Kredi Bank, Finansbank, and Denizbank between 2009 and 2020. For this purpose, the number of personnel, operating expenses, internet banking users, mobile banking users, customers, credit card users, ATMs, and POS devices were used as data.

The study explores how banks respond to the demands of the evolving customer ecosystem through innovations brought by Fintech and Banking 4.0, which can be described as extensions of Industry 4.0 in the banking sector. The preferences of new-generation banking customers are analyzed in terms of traditional banking activities, such as the number of branches, the number of personnel, and related changes in personnel expenses. Additionally, reflections of technological advancements are examined through the number of internet banking and mobile banking users, as well as operating expenses a balance sheet item tracking investments in these areas. Furthermore, alternative distribution channels are analyzed, including the number of credit card users, ATMs, and POS devices.